Bacterias intestinales cambian en reacción a la inflamación y afectan al sistema inmunitario
Published date | 10 April 2024 |
Author | JUDY SIEGEL-ITZKOVICH |
Publication title | Jerusalem Post, The: Web Edition Articles (Israel) |
Un mecanismo importante que permite tal adaptación dinámica es su capacidad para experimentar cambios genómicos rápidos debido a un rasgo conocido como plasticidad. La profesora Naama Geva-Zatorsky y su equipo en la Facultad de Medicina Ruth y Bruce Rappaport de Technion y sus colaboradores han estado investigando esto durante años.
Acaba de ser publicado en la revista Cell Host and Microbe bajo el título "La inflamación y los bacteriófagos afectan los estados de inversión del ADN y la funcionalidad de la microbiota intestinal".
¿En qué se enfocó el estudio?
El estudio se enfocó en especies del orden Bacteroidales, algunas de las especies más abundantes en el microbioma intestinal humano. Mientras analizaban a más de 2,000 personas sanas y enfermas y realizaban investigaciones preclínicas en modelos de ratones, los científicos del Technion identificaron patrones distintos de inversiones de ADN en la salud y la enfermedad. Estas inversiones de ADN reversibles voltean la orientación de los segmentos principales de los genes, alternando la producción de moléculas ON y OFF.
Interesantemente, en Bacteroides fragilis (b. fragilis), las inversiones de ADN apagaron la producción de polisacárido A, una molécula que recubre las bacterias y que beneficiosamente induce células T reguladoras, un tipo especializado de célula inmunitaria que suprime la inflamación excesiva y mantiene la homeostasis intestinal.
El probable culpable son los bacteriófagos, virus que infectan bacterias. Un análisis adicional de muestras fecales de pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal reveló un patrón llamativo: el promotor de PSA estaba predominantemente en estado OFF, lo que se correlacionaba con niveles aumentados de...
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